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Factors Associated with the Change in Vaccination Uptake in Nigeria: A Decomposition Analysis

Lorretta Favour C. Ntoimo, Federal University Oye-Ekiti
Sunday Abatan, Federal University Oye

Nigeria is one of the top 10 countries in the world where most children are incompletely immunized despite the huge investments in immunization. However, the country recorded some improvement in vaccination uptake between 2008 and 2018. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that contributed to the observed improvement in the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT). Data were pooled from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008 and 2018. The Oaxaca decomposition model was used to analyze data of 7,356 under-five children. There was an increase in DPT vaccination uptake from 36% in 2008 to 55% in 2018. The increase was mainly due to a change in behaviour toward immunization as 54.2% of the total change was explained by the coefficient effects of selected explanatory variables whereas 45.8% was explained by the endowment effects. The increase in uptake is mainly a result of improvement in immunization uptake behaviour in the North-west region, among women in polygynous households, poorest wealth quintile and unweighed children. This indicates a need to consolidate the gains in these segments of the population as well as intensify programmes to reverse the significant negative contributions from the North Central region, South West region, and never-married mothers.

Keywords: Health and morbidity, Children and youth, Decomposition analysis/methods, Fertility and childbirth

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  Presented in Session 130. Use and Misuse of Preventive and Curative Treatments: The Role of Socioeconomic Factors